Key provisions of Darwinism

\nEvolutionary forbearance to Charles Darwin.\nOn Earth, thither argon at least 2 mln.vidov animals to 0.5 mln.vidov computer programts\nHundreds of thousands of species of fungi and mikroorganizmov.Kak arose a enormous vicissitude of\nspecies and their adaptation to the environs? answer gives a scientific surmise phylogeny-\nlution of wild feel, the foundations of which 19 v.zalozhil great English scientist\nCharles Darwin.\nmost biologists before Darwin was held notions of permanence and unknowns\nnancy-species of hold organisms as much as they were created bog.Organizmy and op-\nganypolnostyu of the goal, which wholeegedly range tvorets.Suschnost realness-\nviews of this period is in the perception of permanence, neizmennos-\nty and the headmaster feasibility prirody.Takoe chance given the shout out\nof metaphysical (Greek physis Nature, meta above). metaphysical representation\ntion potderzhivayu church and the ruling circles.\nIn the 17-18 centuries. accumulated a lot of species of animals, plants, mineralov.Og-\nRomney trouble put ining these materials performed Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778),\nSwedish naturalist vrach.Na the theme of similarity to champion or ii of the most far-famed\nsigns he sort out organisms into species, genera, klassy.On right-hybrids\nmethyl in one whole and human humanoid obezyan.Linney entered into intelligence pre-\n offer predecessors double Latin name calling-genus and species (Canis familia-\nris-dog home.) Latin names helped communication among scientists from opposite countries.\nLinnaeus fully share metaphysical motifs slightly the nature, seeing in\nher original expediency, purportedly proving the wisdom of the creator. Cage-\nDy view he considered the result of a single original act, and the same uniform\nnym not associated with separate types of rodstvom.K end of his life, however, chthonian the twine\nobservations in nature, he admitted that sometimes species can bechance by hybridizing \ntion or by the actions of environmental changes.\n implication spacious whole fails of Linnaeus, he proposed a system of animals and plants, the ruff\nof all forward; double names introduced species; perfected botanical\nlanguage.\nIn the premature nineteenth v.frantsuzsky scientist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) presented his\n ontogenyary subjects in his work The Philosophy of Zoology. Lemark subjected kriteke idea\nconstancy and fastness vidov.On argued that the formation of impudently species\nis very slack up and the process of evolution because nezametno.V higher forms\nlife took beginning from the lowest.\n means Lamarck works for and nurture biology ogromno.On counterbalance\npresented the idea of ​​evolution wildlife asseverate the historical maturement of the nous-\nIn order to slozhnomu.On first embossed the question of factors-the movement forces of evolution.\nNevertheless Lamarck erroneously deduced factors evolution of purportedl y inherent\nall living beings swear to exempt the causes of sovershenstvu.Neverno\n fitness of the direct influence of environmental conditions and benediction sredy.Neverno\nof the mandatory look only effective changes and their inheritance.\nSo science is 18-early 19 v.ne could in good order explain the effort force for ripening\norganic mira.Pered her question arose as in that location was a broad variety\nspecies How to explain adaptation of organisms to environmental conditions?\nWhy in the process of evolution is an increase in the organization of living beings?\nThe exit of the teachings of Charles Darwin.\nDarwin contributed to the emergence of the doctrine of socio-economic assumption-\nsylki.V the first half of the 19th century. in occidental Europe, especially in England, in-\nintensively authentic capitalism, which gave impetus to the ripening of science, indus-\nti, tehniki.Spros industry for natural materials and the population increase cities on the pro -\nfoodstuffs contributed to the development of agriculture.\nAnother demand for the emergence of Darwinism-natural make headway nauk.Opisaniya system\nthematic groups of living organisms conduct to thinking well-nigh the possibility of their relationship.\n umteen animals established by equivalence a single plan in the social structure of the body and organs.\n subject the early stages of fertilized egg development chordates revealed their galvanise\ntion skhodstvo.Izuchenie fossil plants and animals revealed a conformable\n sky lower nonionized forms of life more than highly.\nExtensive materials ekspiditsy overseas, development new breeds and varieties\nplants are not consistent with the metaphysical mirovozzreniem.Nuzhen was genius-\ntion mind, which would be able to store huge follow of material in the light of trustworthy ideas\nassociate bully system rassuzhdeniy.Takim scientist Charles Darwin turn up\n(1809-1882).\nSince childhood, fond of Charles Darwins coll ections, chemical experiments, observations\nzhivotnymi.Studentom studied in the scientific literature, guinea pig mastered technique used\nsledovaniy.Ch.Darvin on the ship Beagle (English bloodhound) toured the world pu-\nteshestvie.On studied geology, plant and fauna of numerous countries, Taps-\nRavil to England a huge amount of collections.\nIn South America, comparing the found remain of extinct animals with modern,\nCharles Darwin suggested their rodstvo.Na Galapagos Islands he found nowhere bo-\nLeah is not occurring species of lizards, turtles, ptits.Oni shut up to South American.\nGalapagos Islands of volcanic origin, and because Charles Darwin assumption\nlived species that they were from the mainland, and it stepwise izmenilis.V Australia\nConsidered marsupials and egg-laying, which became extinct in other places nearly the\nshara.